The code was adopted as the European standard in 1865, and was known at first as "Continental Morse," although as its use spread it also became known as "International Morse." At this point the original Morse Code started to be called American Morse, to differentiate between the two main standards. It was necessary to have a common code as the Union had also agreed to direct connection of cables across borders (as opposed to recoding and retransmission by an operator). The Gerke code was adopted as a standard for transmission over cables by the Austro-German Telegraph Union (which included many central European states) at a conference in 1851. This interference is worse with American Morse because it has a greater proportion of closely spaced dots than the Gerke code. For instance, the first transatlantic telegraph cable of 1858 could only sustain a transmission rate of less than 1 word per minute. Dispersion severely limits the rate that Morse can be sent because of intersymbol interference. Cables suffer from a type of distortion called dispersion that gets progressively worse with the length of the cable. The Gerke code had a distinct advantage for use on undersea telegraph cables. Of special importance was one standard, originally created in Germany by Friedrich Clemens Gerke in 1848, which was simpler-it eliminated the long intra-character spaces and the two long dashes-but also included changes in the sequences for eleven of the letters and most of the numerals. Various other companies and countries soon developed their own variations of the original Morse Code. The first public telegram in America, " What hath God wrought" sent by Samuel Morse in 1844.
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